What Happens When a Pope Dies?

A Look Inside the Vatican's Sacred Rituals

The death of a pope is a moment steeped in centuries of tradition. While few of us will ever witness it firsthand, the rituals offer a powerful glimpse into the intersection of faith, symbolism, and continuity.

Here’s a look at what happens behind Vatican walls when the leader of the Catholic Church passes away:

1. A Quiet Confirmation

The Camerlengo, or Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church, confirms the pope’s death by calling his baptismal name three times. When there's no response, he declares him deceased.

2. The Fisherman’s Ring Is Broken

This signet ring, once used to seal official documents, is ceremonially destroyed to mark the end of the pope’s authority – and to prevent forgery.

3. An Announcement to the World

The Vatican formally announces the death. Bells may toll, flags lower, and mourning begins in Catholic communities around the world.

4. Nine Days of Mourning (Novemdiales)

Masses are held daily for nine days. The pope’s body is displayed in St. Peter’s Basilica so mourners can pay their respects.

5. A Burial in Three Layers

Traditionally, the pope is buried in three coffins – wood, lead, and then wood again – and laid to rest beneath St. Peter’s Basilica.

6. The Church Pauses (Sede Vacante)

Until a new pope is elected, the Vatican enters a period known as sede vacante, or “the seat is vacant.” No major decisions are made.

7. The Conclave is Prepared

Eligible cardinals (those under 80) gather. Between 15–20 days after the pope's death, the secretive process of selecting a new pope begins.

8. The Conclave Begins

Voting takes place in the Sistine Chapel. When a cardinal receives a two-thirds majority and accepts, he chooses a new name.

9. “Habemus Papam”

Once elected, the new pope is introduced with the traditional words: “Habemus Papam!” He then gives his first blessing to the world.

What These Rituals Remind Us

The passing of a pope may feel distant to many, but the traditions that follow reflect something universal – the desire to honor a life, mark the transition, and uphold what matters most. Across cultures and faiths, we find unique ways to say goodbye. If you’re curious about how other communities around the world approach funerals and remembrance, explore more cultural and religious funeral traditions here.